UASB is an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. It consists of three parts: the sludge reaction zone, the three-phase separator (including the sedimentation zone), and the gas chamber. This process has the dual characteristics of anaerobic filtration and anaerobic activated sludge method. Wastewater flows upward through the anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. At the bottom of the reactor, there is a high-concentration and highly active sludge layer where most of the organic matter is converted into CH4 and CO2. Due to the agitation of gaseous products and the adhesion of bubbles to the sludge, a sludge suspension layer is formed above the sludge layer. A three-phase separator is installed at the top of the reactor to separate gas, liquid, and solid phases. The separated biogas is discharged from the top, the separated sludge automatically slides back to the sludge layer, and the effluent flows out from the clarification zone. The tank shape can be designed as circular, square, or rectangular. The height of the sludge blanket is generally 3-8 meters and is mostly constructed with reinforced concrete.
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